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How many animals were routinely sacrificed at the Temple?
Animals were sacrificed according to four schedules.
- Daily
- Weekly Sabbath
- Appointed New Moons
- Annual Assembly Occasions
* DAILY SACRIFICES *
Timing Lambs Grain Drink
(Fine flour
& Pressed Oil)
Numbers 28:3-8
People's burnt offering
'in morning' 1 1/20 ephah + 1/8 hin 1/4 hin
'between the evenings' 1 1/20 ephah + 1/8 hin 1/4 hin
- ---------------------- --------
2 1/10 ephah + 1/4 hin 1/2 hin
Ezekiel 46:13-15
Prince's burnt offering
'in morning in morning' 1 1/6 ephah + 1/3 hin nil
---
3
*** Three lambs offered each day! ***
PEOPLE'S BURNT OFFERING
Num 28:3 And you shall say to them, "This is the offering
made by fire which you shall offer to the Lord:
two male lambs in their first year without blemish,
day by day, as a regular burnt offering.
:4 The one lamb you shall offer in the morning, the
other lamb you shall offer in the evening,
:5 and one-tenth of an ephah of fine flour as a grain
offering mixed with one-fourth of a hin of pressed
oil.
:6 It is a regular burnt offering which was ordained
at Mount Sinai for a sweet aroma, an offering made
by fire to the Lord.
:7 And its drink offering shall be one-fourth of a hin
for each lamb; in a holy place you shall pour out
the drink to the Lord as an offering.
:8 The other lamb you shall offer in the evening; as
the morning grain offering and its drink offering,
you shall offer it as an offering made by fire, a
sweet aroma to the Lord.
[NB: Verse 3 tells us the lambs were male lambs.]
Lev 6:20 advises the measurements of grain and oil stated in
Num 28:5 are actually daily amounts. Half to be offered in the
morning and half later in the day.
Lev 6:20 This is the offering of Aaron and his sons,
which they shall offer to the LORD, beginning
on the day when he is anointed: one-tenth
of an ephah of fine flour as a daily grain
offering, half of it in the morning and half
of it at night.
PRINCE'S BURNT OFFERING
The requirement for a Prince offering is mentioned in Ezek 46:13-15.
Ezek 46:13 You shall daily make a burnt offering to the Lord
of a lamb of the first year without blemish; you
shall prepare it every morning.
:14 And you shall prepare a grain offering with it
every morning, a sixth of an ephah, and a third
of a hin of oil to moisten the fine flour.
The grain offering is a perpetual ordinance,
to be made regularly to the Lord.
:15 Thus they shall prepare the lamb, the grain
offering, and the oil, as a regular burnt
offering every morning.
This morning offering requirement is confirmed in 2Kings 16:15.
2King 16:15 ... burn the morning burnt offering, the evening
grain offering, the king's burnt sacrifice, and
his grain offering, with the burnt offering of all
the people of the land, their grain offering, and
their drink offerings; ...
[NB: Even though this verse is talking about
offerings to be made on a pagan altar,
the offerings themselves were those
required under the Old Covenant. ]
TIMING INFORMATION
In Numbers 28:4 and 28:8 translators have provided the word
'evening'. However, in the Hebrew this actually says "between
the evenings".
In Ezekiel 46:13-15 translators have provided the wording 'every
morning'. Nevertheless, in the Hebrew this actually says "in
morning in morning".
The repetition of 'in morning' may be indicating more information
in respect to the timing of the offering. As 'morning means 'break
forth', it may be saying 'in break forth in morning'.
* WEEKLY SABBATH * (Additional)
Timing Ram Lambs Grain Drink
(Fine flour
& Pressed Oil)
Numbers 28:9-10
People's burnt offering
'in morning' 1 1/10 ephah + 1/8 hin 1/4 hin
'between the evenings' 1 1/10 ephah + 1/8 hin 1/4 hin
- ---------------------- -------
2 2/10 ephah + 1/4 hin 1/2 hin
Ezekiel 46:4-5
Prince's burnt offering
'in morning in morning' 6 open hand of grain;
hin oil to an ephah
1 1 ephah
--- ---
1 8
PEOPLE'S BURNT OFFERING
Num 28:9 And on the Sabbath day two lambs in their first
year, without blemish, and two-tenths of an ephah
of fine flour as a grain offering, mixed with oil,
with its drink offering
:10 this is the burnt offering for every Sabbath,
besides the regular burnt offering with its drink
offering.
NB: 1) The end of verse 10 informs us this offering
was in addition to the regular daily offering.
2) The above verses do not define the exact
quantities of oil and drink offerings, so the
normal daily measurements have been depicted.
PRINCE'S BURNT OFFERING
Ezek 46:4 The burnt offering that the prince offers to the
Lord on the Sabbath day shall be six lambs without
blemish, and a ram without blemish;
:5 and the grain offering shall be one ephah for a ram,
and the grain offering for the lambs, as much as he
wants to give, as well as a hin of oil with every
ephah.
NB: 1) These verses simply state the quantities on
a Sabbath day. They do NOT say that these are
in addition to the regular daily offering.
2) In verse 5 the notion "as much as he wants
to give", literally means "a present an open
hand".
This could be indicating a scooped handful
of grain.
* APPOINTED NEW MOONS *
In attempting to understand the quantities of various animals
sacrificed it is essential to grasp what the New Moon (so called
'monthly offerings') actually represent.
In the Old Testament the same Hebrew word is sometimes translated
'months' and sometimes translated 'New Moons'.
If the text made sense using the translation 'months' then this
was applied, otherwise the rendering 'New Moons' was provided.
This resulted in translations rendering the word 'months' when
'New Moons' were actually being discussed.
Numbers 28:11-15 is such an example. What is being discussed here
is not 'months', but religious occasions being identified as
'New Moons'.
"New Moons" are not literal 'new moons'. They are ceremonial 'New
Moons'.
The topic of 'New Moons' is more fully discussed on the page;
In accordance with the teaching of the above webpage New Moons
will NOT be viewed as the first days of each literal month.
They will be viewed as days which represent transitions in
the figurative Moon. Changes to the symbolic 'Moon' - ie
major changes/renewals to the Old Covenant congregation.
These memorial days being associated with major points of
inflection through time (both past and future).
With reference to observance days the seven annual rest days, are
categorised as follows:
first day of Unleavened Bread - New Moon
seventh day of Unleavened Bread - New Moon
Feast of Weeks - ie Pentecost - New Moon
Day of Trumpets - New Moon
Day of Atonement - Sabbath (type of)
first day of Tabernacles - New Moon
Last Day - following Tabernacles - New Moon
*** There exists only six annual "New Moons". ***
Timing Bulls Ram Lambs Grain Drink
(Fine flour & P/Oil)
Numbers 28:11-15
People's burnt offering
'head of' (Gen 28:11) 2 3/10 ephah + 3/8 hin 1/2 hin
1 2/10 ephah + 2/8 hin 1/3 hin
7 1/10 ephah + 1/8 hin 1/4 hin
Ezekiel 46:4-5
Prince's burnt offering
morning(?) 1 1 ephah + 1 hin
1 1 ephah + 1 hin
6 open hand of grain;
hin oil to an ephah
--- --- ---
3 2 13
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PEOPLE'S BURNT OFFERING
Num 28:11 At the beginnings of your months(New Moons) you
shall present a burnt offering to the Lord: two
young bulls, one ram, and seven lambs in their
first year, without blemish;
:12 three-tenths of an ephah of fine flour as a grain
offering, mixed with oil, for each bull; two-tenths
of an ephah of fine flour as a grain offering, mixed
with oil, for the one ram;
:13 and one-tenth of an ephah of fine flour, mixed with
oil, as a grain offering for each lamb, as a burnt
offering of sweet aroma, an offering made by fire
to the Lord.
:14 Their drink offering shall be half a hin of wine for
a bull, one-third of a hin for a ram, and one-fourth
of a hin for a lamb; this is the burnt offering for
each month (New Moon) throughout the months (New
Moons) of the year.
:15 Also one kid of the goats as a sin offering to the
Lord shall be offered, besides the regular burnt
offering and its drink offering.
NB: 1) These offerings were presented in the
'head of' the days; ie at the very
beginning of the 24 hour day.
(The same expression is found in Num
10:10.)
2) The Standard ratio of oil to grain has
been applied.
PRINCE'S BURNT OFFERING
Ezek 46:6 On the day of the New Moon it shall be a young bull
without blemish, six lambs, and a ram; they shall be
without blemish.
:7 He shall prepare a grain offering of an ephah for
a bull, an ephah for a ram, as much as he wants
to give for the lambs, and a hin of oil with every
ephah.
* ANNUAL ASSEMBLY OCCASIONS *
('New Moons' included)
BULLS
Num 28/29 New Moon Prince N/M Prince Sabbath
Extra Ezek 45 Extra Prince
Ezek 46 Ezek 46
Passover 14th 1
U/L Bread 1 2 2 7 1
U/L Bread 2 2 7
U/L Bread 3 2 7
U/L Bread 4 2 7
U/L Bread 5 2 7
U/L Bread 6 2 7
U/L Bread 7 2 2 7 1
Pentecost 2 2 1
Trumpets 1 2 1
Atonement 1
Tabernacles 1 13 2 7 1
Tabernacles 2 12 7
Tabernacles 3 11 7
Tabernacles 4 10 7
Tabernacles 5 9 7
Tabernacles 6 8 7
Tabernacles 7 7 7 1
Last Day 1 2
--- --- --- --- ---
Total 89 12 101 6
Grand Total 208 + Atonement (Lev 16:3 1 bull)/Passover = 209
(Exod 29:35-37 annual?)
RAMS
Num 28/29 New Moon Prince N/M Prince Sabbath
Extra Ezek 45 Extra Prince
Ezek 46 Ezek 46
Passover 14th
U/L Bread 1 1 1 7 1
U/L Bread 2 1 7
U/L Bread 3 1 7
U/L Bread 4 1 7
U/L Bread 5 1 7
U/L Bread 6 1 7
U/L Bread 7 1 1 7 1
Pentecost 1 1 1
Trumpets 1 1 1
Atonement 1 1
Tabernacles 1 2 1 7 1
Tabernacles 2 2 7
Tabernacles 3 2 7
Tabernacles 4 2 7
Tabernacles 5 2 7
Tabernacles 6 2 7
Tabernacles 7 2 7 1
Last Day 1 1
--- --- --- --- ---
Total 25 6 98 6 1
Grand Total 138 + 1 ram (Lev 16:3) = 139
LAMBS
Num 28/29 New Moon Prince N/M Prince Sabbath
Extra Ezek 45 Extra Prince
Ezek 46 Ezek 46
Passover 14th
U/L Bread 1 7 7 6
U/L Bread 2 7
U/L Bread 3 7
U/L Bread 4 7
U/L Bread 5 7
U/L Bread 6 7
U/L Bread 7 7 7 6
Pentecost 7 7 6
Trumpets 7 7 6
Atonement 7 6
Tabernacles 1 14 7 6
Tabernacles 2 14
Tabernacles 3 14
Tabernacles 4 14
Tabernacles 5 14
Tabernacles 6 14
Tabernacles 7 14 6
Last Day 7 7
--- --- --- --- ---
Total 175 42 36 6
Grand Total 259
[ NB: The Passover lamb, set aside on the 10th of the first month,
is not included in the count as it was not offered at the
Temple. Rather the lamb was killed amidst private residences
and the shed blood was immediately placed on doorposts and
lintels. The meat was then roasted in the homes of the people
and consumed before midnight. ]
GOATS
Num 28/29 New Moon N/M Prince N/M Prince Sabbath
Extra Ezek 45 Extra Prince
Ezek 46 Ezek 46
Passover 14th
U/L Bread 1 1 1 1
U/L Bread 2 1 1
U/L Bread 3 1 1
U/L Bread 4 1 1
U/L Bread 5 1 1
U/L Bread 6 1 1
U/L Bread 7 1 1 1
Pentecost 1 1
Trumpets 1 1
Atonement 1
Tabernacles 1 1 1 1
Tabernacles 2 1 1
Tabernacles 3 1 1
Tabernacles 4 1 1
Tabernacles 5 1 1
Tabernacles 6 1 1
Tabernacles 7 1 1
Last Day 1 1
--- --- --- --- ---
Total 18 6 14
Grand Total 38
Notes: 1) At the time the ark of the covenant was brought to
Jerusalem they offered seven bulls and seven rams
(1Chr 15:26), the numbers of animals the Prince had
to offer during the Feast of Unleavened Bread and
the Feast of Tabernacles.
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